喉罩在乳癌改良根治术中的应用

目的观察喉罩在乳癌改良根治术中应用的安全性和可行性。方法选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级乳癌改良根治手术患者80例,随机分为两组,每组40例。Ⅰ组为喉罩置入全麻,Ⅱ组为气管内插管全麻,记录麻醉前5min及置入喉罩或者气管内插管即刻的心率（HR）、收缩压（SBP）及舒张压（DBP）,同时记录术中及术后并发症发生的例数。结果Ⅰ组插入喉罩前后HR、SBP及DBP无显著改变,而Ⅱ组插管后HR增快、SBP及DBP均增高（P<0.05）;Ⅱ组并发症的发生率显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。结论喉罩全身麻醉血流动力学平稳,在择期手术中是一种安全、有效、容易使用的声门上通气装置,可替代气管插管用于乳癌改良根治术。     

气管插管与机械通气对复苏成功患者出院率的影响

目的 研究气管插管与机械通气时机对心肺复苏成功患者的预后和出院率的影响。方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2007年2月389例临床复苏成功患者的资料,以气管插管时机与出院率的关系为重点。按现场诊断心跳骤停到气管插管完成的时间,分为3min以内组（A组,n=209）和以上组（B组,n=143）;按到达急诊室至气管插管完成的时间,分为5min以内组（C组,n=9）和以上组（D组,n=38）,计算各组出院率;采用SPSS11．0系统软件处理。结果心肺复苏成功率为9．75％（389／3988）,其中,出院59例占1．48％（59／3988）。A组出院率19．62％（41／209）,B组6．99％（10／143）,A组显著高于B组（P〈0．05）。C组出院率88．89％（8／9）,D组0（0／28）,C组显著高于D组（P〈0．05）。结论 及时气管插管和机械通气并做好院前院内气道管理的衔接,可明显提高心肺复苏成功患者的出院率。     

硫喷妥钠快速诱导气管插管期间血流动力学的变化

本文用无创性心阻抗血流图测量27例择期手术病人在硫喷妥钠快速诱导插管期间血流动力学的变化。结果显示静注硫喷妥钠3mg/kg 后 SBP、SI、CI 分别下降10.6%、38.5%、16.3%,HR 代偿性增快40.5%,TPR 和 PCWP显著性升高。喉镜暴露声门及气管插管后血压,TPR、PCWP、HR 进一步急剧增高,而 SI、CI 进一步下降。所以对于高血压、冠心病、高颅压、动脉瘤等病人应采取必要的预防措施,以免由于血流动力学的剧烈变化导致麻醉并发症。     

环甲膜穿刺丁卡因表面麻醉在ICU患者气管插管中的应用

目的探讨环甲膜穿刺丁卡因表面麻醉在ICU患者气管插管中的可行性、安全性及有效性。方法纳入2009年11月至2010年2月四川大学华西医院中心ICU内41例需要气管插管的患者,随机分为环甲膜穿刺丁卡因表面麻醉组（丁卡因组）和对照组。记录基础生命体征,插管时、插管后1 min、5 min时血流动力学变化,低氧发生率,插管时间,插管成功率,插管后低血压发生率,全麻药物用量及相关并发症。结果丁卡因组气管插管时和插管后1 min的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）变化率及心率收缩压乘积（RPP）均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。两组患者插管成功率、低氧发生率无显著差异（P〉0.05）。丁卡因组诱导期间全麻药（异丙酚）用量、插管后低血压发生率、血管活性药物使用总量均明显小于对照组（P〈0.05）。丁卡因组所有病例环甲膜穿刺均一次性操作成功,穿刺时间不超过1 min,无一例出现局麻药过敏、中毒反应、皮下或纵隔积气、食道损伤和气胸等并发症,所有患者气管插管时无死亡。结论环甲膜穿刺丁卡因表面麻醉在ICU患者气管插管中可以减轻气管插管时患者血流动力学的波动,减少插管后低血压发生率,减少全麻药、血管活性药物的用量,是一种安全、有效、快速、简便易行和微创的操作方法,必要时可选择性使用。     

复方利多卡因乳膏对支气管插管患者血流动力学的影响

目的:观察复方利多卡因乳膏气管黏膜表面麻醉对全身麻醉支气管插管患者血流动力学的影响。方法:选择80例(ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级)拟施支气管插管全身麻醉择期手术患者随机均分为两组。复方利多卡因乳膏组(F组)、对照组(C组),分别将复方利多卡因乳膏和石蜡油均匀涂于支气管插管的套囊及前端,麻醉诱导后行支气管内插管。记录诱导前(T1)、插管时(T2)、由仰卧位变侧卧位(T3)、由侧卧位变仰卧位(T4)、拔管时(T5)各时点SBP、DBP、HR的变化。结果:F组患者由侧卧位变仰卧位(T4)、拔管时(T5)SBP、DBP、HR均低于C组(P<0.05);C组患者由侧卧位变仰卧位(T4)、拔管时(T5)SBP、DBP、HR均高于诱导前(T1)、插管时(T2)(P<0.05)。结论:复方利多卡因乳膏用于全身麻醉支气管插管患者有利于保持血流动力学稳定。     

猪原位肝移植体外静脉转流中门脉系统插管的选择

目的比较在猪原位肝移植体外静脉转流中行门静脉插管或脾静脉插管对血流动力学的影响。方法选健康美国杜洛克猪60头，配对施行原位肝移植术，根据术中转流时门脉系统插管的不同．随机分为两组．即门静脉插管组(n=15)和脾静脉插管组(n=15)。术中连续监测两组动物血流动力学指标的变化。结果门静脉插管组15例中死亡2例．其中1例死于术中转流不畅，1例死于DIC；脾静脉插管组15例中死亡1例，死于失血性休克。脾静脉插管组无肝期为(44．5土7．6)min，明显短于门静脉插管组的(51．5土8．7)minoⅢ、Ⅳ期门静脉插管组血流动力学改变与脾静脉插管组相比差异有显著性意义(P＜O．05)。结论在猪原位肝移植体外静脉转流中采用脾静脉插管转流能缩短无肝期，保持术中血流动力学的相对稳定，减少术后相关并发症的发生，是一种有效的静脉转流途径。     

熵指数和脑电双频指数对伤害性刺激反应能力的对比研究

目的通过观察麻醉诱导插管期间熵指数和脑电双频指数（BIS）的变化,比较两者对伤害性刺激（如气管插管）的反应能力。方法20例择期手术病人入室后同时连接熵指数和BIS监护仪,进行常规气管内全麻,记录诱导前、意识消失时、插管前即刻、插管即刻、插管后1、3、5min各时间点所对应的RE、SE、BIS数值以及心率、平均动脉压、脉搏血氧饱和度数值。结果RE、SE、BIS值在诱导开始后逐渐下降,气管插管即刻RE、SE、BIS数值较插管前均明显升高,其中RE值升高最明显（P〈0.01）,随后恢复到插管前水平。气管插管后1minMAP较插管前显著升高（P〈0.01）,气管插管后HR数值较插管前显著增加（P〈0.01）。结论熵指数、BIS和血流动力学指标均能及时反映气管插管刺激,其中RE值较SE、BIS值升高更明显、更快速。     

Tissue‐Engineered Tracheal Reconstruction Using Three‐Dimensionally Printed Artificial Tracheal Graft: Preliminary Report

Three‐dimensional printing has come into the spotlight in the realm of tissue engineering. We intended to evaluate the plausibility of 3D‐printed (3DP) scaffold coated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in fibrin for the repair of partial tracheal defects. MSCs from rabbit bone marrow were expanded and cultured. A half‐pipe‐shaped 3DP polycaprolactone scaffold was coated with the MSCs seeded in fibrin. The half‐pipe tracheal graft was implanted on a 10 × 10‐mm artificial tracheal defect in four rabbits. Four and eight weeks after the operation, the reconstructed sites were evaluated bronchoscopically, radiologically, histologically, and functionally. None of the four rabbits showed any sign of respiratory distress. Endoscopic examination and computed tomography showed successful reconstruction of trachea without any collapse or blockage. The replaced tracheas were completely covered with regenerated respiratory mucosa. Histologic analysis showed that the implanted 3DP tracheal grafts were successfully integrated with the adjacent trachea without disruption or granulation tissue formation. Neo‐cartilage formation inside the implanted graft was sufficient to maintain the patency of the reconstructed trachea. Scanning electron microscope examination confirmed the regeneration of the cilia, and beating frequency of regenerated cilia was not different from those of the normal adjacent mucosa. The shape and function of reconstructed trachea using 3DP scaffold coated with MSCs seeded in fibrin were restored successfully without any graft rejection.     

P ARAMEDIC U SE OF E NDOTRACHEAL T UBE I NTRODUCERS FOR THE D IFFICULT A IRWAY

Objective. To evaluate the ability of paramedics to learn and apply the skill of introducer-aided oral intubation in the setting of the simulated “difficult airway.” The authors hypothesized that, following a brief introduction to the device, intubation success rates would not differ for traditional and introducer-aided intubations of an immobilized airway mannequin. Methods. During a paramedic recertification class, experienced paramedics were given a brief didactic introduction to the “bougie-like” Flex Guide endotracheal tube introducer (ETTI). The participants were then asked to intubate adult mannequins immobilized in the head-neutral position, with and without the ETTI. “Successful placement” was defined as completion of the procedure within 30 seconds and endotracheal tube position confirmed by the investigator with direct visualization. Results. For both traditional and ETTI intubations, 34 (97%) of the 35 paramedics successfully intubated within 30 seconds. The two unsuccessful intubation attempts were recognized by the paramedic as esophageal intubations, and correct tube placement was obtained within an additional 30 seconds. Conclusion. In this study, use of the ETTI was mastered by the participants after only a brief didactic introduction to the device, with their ability to intubate an immobilized mannequin using the ETTI being equal to their ability to perform traditional intubation. These results suggest that use of the ETTI is easily learned, and may support the device's role in the prehospital management of the difficult airway.